A Concise Dictionary of Middle English
Chapter 2 : 61. _Sh._: Shakespeare Lexicon, by Schmidt, 1875.62. Sievers: Grammar of Old English, ed

61. _Sh._: Shakespeare Lexicon, by Schmidt, 1875.

62. Sievers: Grammar of Old English, ed. A. S. Cook, 1885.

63. _SkD_: Skeat, Etymological Dict. of Eng. Lang., 1884. CP.

64. Skeat, English Words in Norman-French, 1882, Phil. Soc.

65. Skeat, Mso-gothic Glossary, 1868.

66. _SPD_: Smythe Palmer, Dictionary of Folk-Etymology, 1882.

67. _Spenser_: Faery Queene, glossaries to Books I and II, 1887. CP.

68. Sweet: AS. Reader, 1884. CP.

69. Tatian: Evangelienbuch, ed. Sievers, 1872.

70. _TG_: Trench, Select Glossary, 1879.

71. _Trevisa_: version of Higden, Rolls' Series (41).

72. _Voc._: Wright's Vocabularies, ed. Wulcker, 1884.

73. VP: Vespasian Psalter, as printed in OET., see 45.

74. Vulg.: the Vulgate Version of the Bible.

75. _W_: Wycliffe, New Testament (Purvey's revision), ed. Skeat, 1879. CP.

76. _W2_: Wycliffe, Job, Psalms, &c. (revised by Hereford and Purvey), ed. Skeat, 1881. CP.

77. _WA_: Wars of Alexander, ed. Skeat, 1887, EETS (Extra Series xlvii).

78. Weigand: deutsches Worterbuch, 1878.

79. Windisch: Glossary added to Old Irish Texts, 1882.

80. _WW_: Wright, The Bible Word-Book, 1884.

81. ZRP: Zeitschrift fur romanische Philologie, ed. Grober.

ABBREVIATIONS (+Languages+),

With References To Authorities.

AF: Anglo-French, see 64.

AS.: Anglo-Saxon, see 10, 31, 45, 62.

Church Lat.: Ecclesiastical Latin, see 24, 74.

Goth.: Gothic, see 23, 65.

Gr.: Greek, see 9, 19, 27.

Icel.: Icelandic, see 20.

It.: Italian, see 28.

Lat.: Latin.

Late Lat.: Post-cla.s.sical Latin, of Latin origin, see 24, 72, 74.

Low Lat.: Latin derived from the later European languages, see 1, 14, 24, 51, 58.

ME.: Middle English.

North.E.: Northern English, see 4, 36.

OF.: Old French, see 3, 6, 17, 18, 22, 24, 30, 48, 54.

OHG.: Old High German, see 37, 46, 69, 78.

OIr.: Old Irish, see 19, 79.

OMerc.: Old Mercian, see 2 (Rushworth version), 45, 73.

ONorth.: Old Northumbrian, see 2.

OS.: Old Saxon, see 35.

OTeut.: Old Teutonic (as restored by scholars), see 27, 43.

Sp.: Spanish, see 41.

SYMBOLS.

In the etymological part three stops are used as symbols in connexion with the cognate forms cited, namely the comma, the semi-colon, and the colon. The comma is used to connect various spellings of a word, as well as parallel forms cited from nearly connected languages; for instance, s.v. +daunger+, the OF. forms are so connected. The semi-colon between two forms denotes that the two forms are phonetically equivalent, and that the preceding one is directly derived from, and is historically connected with the one following this symbol; for instance, s.v.

+bugle+, the OF. _bugle_ is the phonetic equivalent of the Lat.

_buculum_, and is immediately derived therefrom. The colon between two forms denotes that the two forms are phonetically equivalent, and that the form following this symbol is an earlier, more primitive form than the one preceding, without an immediate interborrowing between the languages being a.s.serted; for instance, s.v. +demen+, the Goth. _domjan_ is an older form than the AS. _deman_, but _deman_ is not borrowed from the Gothic. The abbreviation 'cp.' introduces other cognate forms, and has the same value as the symbol + in Skeat's Dictionaries.

The asterisk * at the beginning of a word denotes a theoretical form, a.s.sumed (upon scientific principles) to have formerly existed. The sign = is to be read 'a translation of.' '(_n_)' after Prompt., Cath. and other authorities refers to foot-notes or other notes citing the form in question.

A CONCISE

DICTIONARY OF MIDDLE-ENGLISH.

A.

+A-+, _prefix_ (1), adding _intensity_ to the notion of the verb.--AS.

_a_ for _ar-_, OHG. _ar-_, Goth. _us-_. For the quant.i.ty of the _a_ see Sievers, 121. Cf. +Or+.

+A-+, _prefix_ (2), standing for +A+, _prep._, and for Icel. _a_; see +On-+ (1).

+A-+, _prefix_ (3), standing for +Of+, _prep._; see +Of+.

+A-+, _prefix_ (4), standing for AS. _and-_, against, in return, toward.--AS. _and-_, _ond-_, _on-_ (proc.l.i.tic). Cf. +On-+ (2).

+A-+, _prefix_ (5), standing for +At+, _prep._, and Icel. _at_, used with the infin. See +At-+ (1).

+A-+, _prefix_ (6), standing for AS. _ge-_; see +?e-+.

+A-+, _prefix_ (7), standing for OF. _a-_ and Lat. _ad-_.

+A-+, _prefix_ (8), standing for OF. _a-_ and Lat. _ab-_.

+A-+, _prefix_ (9), standing for AF. _a_, OF. _e-_, _es-_ from Lat.

_ex-_, _e-_.

+A-+, _prefix_ (10), standing for AF. _an-_, OF. _en-_ from Lat. _in-_.

See +In-+.

+A-+, _prefix_ (11), standing for Gr. a- privative.

+A+, _interj._ O! Ah! expressing surprise, pain, S, MD.

+A+, _prep._ on, in, PP, S, S2, C2; see +On+.

+A+, _prep._ of, S2, S3, PP; see +Of+. [[Addition]]