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The Nuttall Encyclopaedia Novel Chapters
List of most recent chapters published for the The Nuttall Encyclopaedia novel. A total of 464 chapters have been translated and the release date of the last chapter is Apr 02, 2024
Latest Release: Chapter 1 : The Nuttall Encyclopaedia.by P. Austin Nuttall.PREFACE "The NUTTALL ENCYCLOPaeDIA&q
The Nuttall Encyclopaedia.by P. Austin Nuttall.PREFACE "The NUTTALL ENCYCLOPaeDIA" is the fruit of a project to provide, in a concise and condensed form, and at a cheap rate, an epitome of the kind of information given in the larger Encyclopaedi
- 464 ACRE, ST. JEAN D' (7), a strong place and seaport in Syria, at the foot of Mount Carmel, taken, at an enormous sacrifice of life, by Philip Augustus and Richard Coeur de Lion in 1191, held out against Bonaparte in 1799; its ancient name Ptolemas.ACRE
- 463 ZODIACAL LIGHT, a track of light of triangular figure with its base on the horizon, which in low lat.i.tudes is seen within the sun's equatorial plane before sunrise in the E. or after sunset in the W., and which is presumed to be due to a glow proceedin
- 462 ZEND, name applied, mistakenly it would seem, by the Europeans to the ancient Iranian language of Persia, or the language in which the Zend-Avesta is written, closely related to the Sanskrit of the Vedas it appears.ZEND-AVESTA, the name given to the sacre
- 461 ZADKIEL, according to the Rabbins, the name of the angel of the planet Jupiter; also pseudonym a.s.sumed by Richard James Morrison, a naval officer, believer in astrology, and the compiler of an astrological almanac.ZAGAZIG (35), a town in the Delta of Eg
- 460 YOUNG, CHARLES MAYNE, tragedian, born in London, made his _debut_ in 1798; married in 1805 a gifted young actress, Julia Anne Grimani, with whom he had often played in lover's parts, and whom, after a brilliant partners.h.i.+p of 16 months on the sta
- 459 YENISEISK (8), a town of East Siberia, on the Yenisei, in a province of the name, and a centre of trade in it.YEOMANRY, name given to a cavalry volunteer force the members of which provide their own horses and uniforms, with a small allowance from the Gov
- 458 XERES (61), a town in Spain, 14 m. NE. of Cadiz, a well-built, busy town, and the centre of the trade in sherry wine, which takes its name from it, and of which there are large stores.XERXES, a king of Persia, son of Darius I., whom he succeeded on the th
- 457 WUNDT, WILHELM MAX, distinguished German physiologist, born in Baden, and professor at Leipzig; distinguished for his studies on the connection of the physical with the psychical in the human organisation, and has written on psychology as well as physiolo
- 456 WOOD, ANTHONY, antiquary, born at Oxford, and educated at Merton College, Oxford; was a gentleman of independent means; wrote "History and Antiquities of Oxford University," which appeared in 1674, and "Athenae Oxonienses," which appea
- 455 WINTHROP, JOHN, "Father of Ma.s.sachusetts," born in Suffolk; studied at Trinity College; headed a Puritan colony from Yarmouth to Salem, and was governor of the settlement at Boston till his death; was a pious and tolerant man; left a "Jou
- 454 WILLIS, PARKER, American writer and journalist; had travelled much abroad, and published his experiences; among his writings "Pencillings by the Way," "Inklings of Adventure," "People I have Met," &c. (1806-1867) WILLOUGHBY, SIR HUGH, early Arctic v
- 453 WIGAN (55), a town in Lancas.h.i.+re, 18 m. NW. of Manchester, in the centre of a large coal-field; cottons are the staple manufactures; is a place of ancient date, and has some fine buildings.WIGHT, ISLE OF, an island in the S. of England, included in Ha
- 452 WHITE, HENRY KIRKE, minor poet, born at Nottingham; published a book of poems in 1803, which procured him the patronage of Southey; got a sizars.h.i.+p in St. John's, Cambridge; through over-zeal in study undermined his const.i.tution and died of consump
- 451 WESTKAPPEL d.y.k.e, one of the strongest d.y.k.es in the Netherlands; protects the W. coast of Walcheren; is 4000 yards long, and surmounted by a railway line.WESTMACOTT, SIR RICHARD, sculptor, born in London; studied at Rome under Canova; acquired great
- 450 WELLESLEY, a small province, part of Penang Territory, in the Straits Settlements; of great fertility, and yields tropical products in immense quant.i.ties, such as spices, tea, coffee, sugar, cotton, and tobacco.WELLESLEY, RICHARD COWLEY, MARQUIS OF, sta
- 449 WATERFORD (21), a town in a county of the same name (98), in Munster, Ireland, at the junction of the Suir and the Barrow; has a splendid harbour formed by the estuary, and carries on an extensive export trade with England, particularly in bacon and b.u.t
- 448 WALLENSTEIN, general of the Imperial army in the Thirty Years' War, born in Bohemia, of a Protestant family, but on the death of his parents was, in his childhood, adopted and educated by the Jesuits, and bred up in the Catholic faith; bent on a military
- 447 VOLTAIRE, FRANcOIS MARIE AROUET DE, great French "persifleur" and "Coryphaeus of Deism," born in Paris, son of a lawyer; trained to scoff at religion from his boyhood, and began his literary career as a satirist and in the production of lampoons which
- 446 VINCENT DE PAUL, ST., a Romish priest, born in Gascony, of humble parents; renowned for his charity; he founded the congregation of the Sisters of Charity, and that of the Priests of the Missions, afterwards called Lazarites, from the priory of St. Lazare
- 445 VETURIA, a Roman matron, the mother of Coriola.n.u.s.VIA DOLOROSA, way leading from the Mount of Olives to Golgotha, which Christ traversed from the Agony in the Garden to the Cross.VIATIc.u.m, name given to the Eucharist administered by a priest to a per
- 444 VELASQUEZ, DIEGO DE SILVA, greatest of Spanish painters, born at Seville, of Portuguese family; studied under FRANCISCO HERRERA (q. v.), who taught him to teach himself, so that but for the hint he was a self-taught artist, and simply painted what he saw
- 443 VANDEVELDT, WILLIAM, the Elder, marine painter, born at Leyden; painted sea-fights; was patronised by Charles II. and James II.(1611-1693).VANDEVELDT, WILLIAM, the Younger, marine painter, son of preceding; patronised likewise by Charles II. (1633-1707).V
- 442 VALAIS, a Swiss canton, between Berne on the N. and Italy on the S., in a wide valley of the Rhone, and shut in by lofty mountains; cattle-rearing is the chief industry.VALDAI HILLS, a plateau rising to the height of 1100 ft. above the sea-level in Russia
- 441 URBAN, the name of eight popes: URBAN I., Pope from 223 to 230; URBAN II., Pope from 1088 to 1099, warm promoter of the first Crusade; URBAN III., pope from 1185 to 1187; URBAN IV., Pope from 1261 to 1264; URBAN V., Pope from 1362 to 1370, man of an ascet
- 440 UNDULATORY THEORY, the theory that light is due to vibrations or undulations in the ether as the medium through which it is transmitted from its source in a luminous body.UNEARNED INCREMENT, increase in the value of land or any property without expenditur
- 439 UDALL, NICHOLAS, author of "Ralph Roister-Doister," the earliest of English comedies, and "the earliest picture of London manners," born in Hants; was a graduate of Oxford, and head-master first of Eton and subsequently of Westminister
- 438 TURKEY or THE OTTOMAN EMPIRE, a great Mohammedan State embracing wide areas in Eastern Europe and Western Asia, besides the province of Tripoli in North Africa, and the tributary States Bulgaria and Eastern Roumelia, Bosnia and Herzegovina (under Austria)
- 437 TROPHONIUS, in Greek legend, along with his brother Agamedes, the architect of the temple of Apollo at Delphi; had a famous oracle in a cave in Boeotia, which could only be entered at night.TROPICS, two parallels of lat.i.tude on either side of the equato
- 436 TRENT (21), an Austrian town in S. of Tyrol, in a valley on the Adige, 60 m. N. of Verona; has an Italian appearance, and Italian is spoken.TRENT, COUNCIL OF, an oec.u.menical council, the eighteenth, held at Trent, and whose sittings, with sundry adjourn
- 435 TOURS (60), a historic old town of France, on the Loire, 145 m. SW.of Paris; presents a s.p.a.cious and handsome appearance, and contains a n.o.ble Gothic cathedral, archbishop's palace, Palais de Justice, besides ancient chateaux and interesting rui
- 434 TOMSK (37), a town and government (1,300) of W. Siberia, on the Tom, 55 m. from its confluence with the Obi; has a university, and is an important depot on the trade-route to China.TONE, THEOBALD WOLFE, Irish patriot, born in Dublin; called to the bar in
- 433 t.i.tANIA, the wife of Oberon and the queen of the fairies.t.i.tANIUM, a rare, very hard metal, always found in combination.t.i.tANS, in the Greek mythology sons of Uranos and Gaia, beings of gigantic strength, and of the dynasty prior to that of Zeus, wh
- 432 N. of Albany; has various factories, mines in the vicinity, &c.; a place of much prominence during the struggles with the French and later during the revolutionary war.TIECK, LUDWIG, German poet, born in Berlin; was one of the founders of the Romantic sch
- 431 THRACE, in ancient Greece, was a region, ill defined, stretching N.of Macedonia to the Danube, and W. of the Euxine (Black Sea); appears never to have been consolidated into one kingdom, but was inhabited by various Thracian tribes akin to the Greeks, but
- 430 THIRLMERE, one of the lakes in the English Lake District, in c.u.mberland, 5 m. SE. of Keswick; since 1885 its waters have been impounded for the use of Manchester, the surface raised 50 ft. by embankments, and the area more than doubled.THIRLWALL, CONOP,
- 429 THEMISTOCLES, celebrated Athenian general and statesman; rose to political power on the ostracism of Aristides, his rival; persuaded the citizens to form a fleet to secure the command of the sea against Persian invasion; commanded at Salamis, and routed t
- 428 TETHYS, in the Greek mythology a daughter of Ura.n.u.s and Gaia, wife of OCEa.n.u.s (q. v.), and mother of the river-G.o.ds.TETRAGRAMMATON, the mystic number "four," symbolical of deity, whose name in different languages is composed of four lett
- 427 TENa.s.sERIM (972), the southernmost division of Burma, forms a long coastal strip facing the Bay of Bengal and backed by the mountain barrier of Siam; acquired by the British in 1825.TENBY (5), a popular little watering-place of Pembrokes.h.i.+re, has a
- 426 TAYLOR, WILLIAM, literary historian and critic, born at Norwich; residence on the Continent enabled him to master French, Italian, and especially German, and confirmed him in his taste for literature, to pursue which he abandoned business; various essays
- 425 TARTINI, GIUSEPPE, a famous Italian violinist and composer, born at Pirano, in Istria; got into trouble over his clandestine marriage with the niece of the archbishop of Padua, and fled for sanctuary to a monastery at a.s.sisi; subsequently reunited to hi
- 424 TANNER, THOMAS, bishop and antiquary, born at Market Lavington, Wilts.h.i.+re; became a graduate and Fellow of Oxford; took orders, and rose to be bishop of St. Asaph; his reputation as a learned and accurate antiquary rests on his two great works "N
- 423 the first great book," he announces, "in prose or verse, of the 18th century, and in more ways than one the herald and champion at once of its special achievements in literature."TALENT, a weight, coin, or sum of money among the ancients, o
- 422 T TABARD, a tunic without sleeves worn by military n.o.bles over their arms, generally emblazoned with heraldic devices. "Toom Tabard," empty king's cloak, nickname given by the Scotch to John Balliol as nothing more.TABERNACLE, a movable s
- 421 SYDENHAM, THOMAS, the "English Hippocrates," born in Dorsets.h.i.+re, educated at Oxford, and a Fellow of All Souls'; practised medicine in London, where, though regarded with disfavour by the faculty, he stood in high regard, and had an ex
- 420 SWABIA, an ancient duchy in the SW. of Germany, and most fertile part, so called from the Suevi, who in the 1st century displaced the aboriginal Celts, and which, along with Bavaria, formed the nucleus of the Fatherland; was separated by the Rhine from Fr
- 419 SUNDA ISLANDS, a name sometimes applied to the long chain of islands stretching SE. from the Malay Peninsula to North Australia, including Sumatra, Timor, &c., but more correctly designates the islands Bali, Lombok, Sumbawa, Flores, Sandalwood Island, &c.
- 418 SUDETIC MOUNTAINS stretch in irregular broken ma.s.ses and subsidiary chains for 120 m. across South-East Germany, separating Bohemia and Moravia from Saxony and Prussian Silesia, and forming a link between the Carpathians and mountains of Franconia; high
- 417 STUART DYNASTY, a dynasty of Scotch and finally English kings as well, commenced with Robert II., who was the son of Marjory, Robert the Bruce's daughter, who married Walter, the Lord High Steward of Scotland, hence the name, his successors being Rob
- 416 STRAITS SETTLEMENTS (507, of which 150 are Chinese), British colony in the East Indies, embracing the British possessions in the Malay Peninsula (on the Strait of Malacca), Singapore, Malacca, Penang, and the Keeling Islands and Christmas Island; were und
- 415 STOBSaeUS, JOANNES, a native of Stobi, in Macedonia; flourished at the end of the 5th and beginning of the 6th century; celebrated as the compiler (about 500 A.D.) of a Greek Anthology, through which many valuable extracts are preserved to us from works w
- 414 STERLING, JOHN, a friend of Carlyle's, born at Kames Castle, Bute, son of Captain Sterling of the _Times_; studied at Glasgow and Cambridge; a man of brilliant parts and a liberal-minded, but of feeble health; had Julius Hare for tutor at Cambridge,
- 413 STATIONERS' HALL, the hall of the old Company of London Stationers, incorporated in 1557, who enjoyed till the Copyright Act of 1842 the sole right of having registered at their offices every pamphlet, book, and ballad published in the kingdom. Altho
- 412 STAFFA ("pillar Island"), an uninhabited islet of basaltic formation off the W. coast of Scotland, 54 m. W. of Oban; 1 m. in circ.u.mference, and girt with precipitous cliffs, except on the sheltered NE., where there is a shelving sh.o.r.e; is r
- 411 SPEZIA (20), the chief naval station, "the Portsmouth," of Italy; occupies a strongly fortified site at the head of a bay on the W. side of Italy, 56 m. SE. of Genoa; here are the naval s.h.i.+pbuilding yards, national a.r.s.enal, navy store-hou
- 410 SOUZA, MADAME DE (maiden name Adelaide Filleul), French novelist, born in Paris, and educated in a convent, on her leaving which she was married to the Comte de Flahaut, a man much older than herself, and with whom she lived unhappily; fled to Germany and
- 409 SORATA, a volcanic peak in the Bolivian Andes, 21,470 ft. in height.SORBONNE, a celebrated college of Paris, taking its name from its founder, Robert of Sorbon, chaplain to Saint Louis in the 13th century; was exclusively devoted to theology, and through
- 408 SOLOMON, king of Israel from 1015 to 977 B.C., second son of David and Bathsheba, and David's successor; in high repute far and wide for his love of wisdom and the glory of his reign; he had a truly Oriental pa.s.sion for magnificence, and the buildi
- 407 SOCIALISM, a social system which, in opposition to the compet.i.tive system that prevails at present, seeks to reorganise society on the basis, in the main, of a certain secularism in religion, of community of interest, and co-operation in labour for the
- 406 SMECTYMNUUS, a pamphlet written in 1641, the t.i.tle of which is made up of the initial letters of the names of the authors.SMELFUNGUS, a name given by Sterne to Smollett as author of volume of "Travels through France and Italy," for the snarlin
- 405 SKALD, an old Scandinavian poet, a reciter or singer of poems in praise of the Norse warriors and their deeds.SKEAN-DHU, a small dirk which a Highlander wears in his stocking.SKEAT, WALTER WILLIAM, English philologist, born in London; professor of Anglo-S
- 404 SIMSON, ROBERT, mathematician, born in Ayrs.h.i.+re; abandoned his intention of entering the Church and devoted himself to the congenial study of mathematics, of which he became professor in the old university at Glasgow (1711), a position he held for 50
- 403 SIGOURNEY, MRS., American auth.o.r.ess, was a prolific writer; wrote tales, poems, essays, chiefly on moral and religious subjects; was called the American Hemans (1791-1863).SIGURD. See SIEGFRIED.SIKHS (lit. disciples), a native religious and military co
- 402 SIAM (9,000 of Siamese, Chinese, Shans, and Malays), occupies the central portion of the Indo-Chinese peninsula, wedged in between Annam and Cambodia (E.) and Burma (W.), and extending down into the Malay Peninsula; the wide Gulf of Siam forms the souther
- 401 SHERMAN, WILLIAM TEc.u.mSEH, a distinguished American general, born, the son of a judge, in Lancaster, Ohio; first saw service as a lieutenant of artillery in the Indian frontier wars in Florida and California; resigned from the army in 1853, and set up a
- 400 SHASTER, a book containing the inst.i.tutes of the Hindu religion or its legal requirements.SHAWNEES, a tribe of American Indians located originally in the eastern slopes of the Alleghanies, but now removed to Missouri, Kansas, and the Indian Territory.SH
- 399 SeVRES, DEUX- (354), a department of West France; is watered by two rivers, and in the N. thickly wooded; a varied agriculture, cattle and mule breeding, and cloth manufacture are the princ.i.p.al industries. Niort is the capital.SEWARD, ANNA, poetess, bo
- 398 SW. of Liege; noted for its extensive machine-shops (locomotives, &c.); established in 1817 by John c.o.c.kerill, and now, with forges, coal-mines, &c., giving employment to some 12,000 men.SERAMPUR (36), a town of modern aspect in India, on the Hooghly,
- 397 SELWYN, GEORGE AUGUSTUS, the first bishop of New Zealand, in which capacity he wrought so zealously, that his diocese, by his extension of Episcopacy, was subdivided into seven; on his return to England he was made bishop of Lichfield (1809-1878).SEMAPh.o
- 396 SEALED ORDERS, the orders given the commanding officer of a s.h.i.+p or squadron that are sealed up, which he is not allowed to open till he has proceeded a certain length into the high seas; an arrangement in order to ensure secrecy in a time of war.SEA-
- 395 SCHWERIN (34), capital of the grand-duchy of Mecklenburg-Schwerin; has a pretty site on Lake of Schwerin (14 m. by 3), 47 m. SE. of Lubeck; has a 14th-century cathedral, Renaissance castle, a.r.s.enal, &c., and manufactures of lacquered ware, machinery, &
- 394 SCHLOSSNER, FRIEDRICH CHRISTOPH, German historian, born in Oldenburg; was studios of the moral factor in history, and gave especial prominence to it (1776-1861).SCHMALKALDIC LEAGUE, a league of the Protestant States of Germany concluded in 1531 at Schmalk
- 393 SCALIGER, JULIUS CaeSAR, surnamed the Elder, cla.s.sical scholar, became page to the Emperor Maximilian, and served him in war and peace for 17 years; at 40 quitted the army, and took to study the learned languages among other subjects; wrote a treatise o
- 392 SATURNALIA, a festival in ancient Rome in honour of Saturn, in which all cla.s.ses, free and bond, and young and old, enjoyed and indulged in all kinds of merriment without restraint.SATYRS, in the Greek mythology semi-animal woodland deities who roamed t
- 391 SO FRANCISCO, one of the great rivers of Brazil, for the most part navigable; rises in the SW., near the source of the Parana, and flows N., NE., and SE. till it reaches the S. Atlantic after a course of 1800 m., forming in its lower part the boundary bet
- 390 (inherited) in never-ceasing literary activity, and in entertaining the many eminent _litterateurs_ of all countries who visited her; her voluminous works reflect the strange s.h.i.+fts of her life; "Indiana,""Lelia," and other novels
- 389 SAM WELLER. See WELLER.SAMARCAND (33), a city of West Turkestan, situated at the western base of the Tian-Shan Mountains, 130 m. SE. of Bokhara. Suffered at the hands of Genghis Khan in the 13th century; was Timur's capital in the 14th century, and h
- 388 SALAMANDER, an elemental spirit conceived in the Middle Ages as an animal that lived in the fire as its proper element.SALAMIS, a mountainous island of Greece, on the NW. coast of Attica, the strait between which and the mainland was the scene of a naval
- 387 ST. OMER (20), a fortified town of France, on the Aa, 26 m. SE. of Calais; has a fine old Gothic cathedral, a ruined Benedictine abbey church, a Catholic college, a.r.s.enal, &c.; manufactures embrace light textiles, tobacco pipes, &c.ST. PAUL (168), capi
- 386 ST. CLOUD (5), a town in the dep. of Seine-et-Oise, France; occupies an elevated site near the Seine, 10 m. W. of Paris; the fine chateau, built by Louis XIV.'s brother, the Duke of Orleans, was for long the favourite residence of the Emperor Napoleo
- 385 SADDA, the name given to a Persian epitome of the Zend-Avesta.SADDUCEES, a sect of the Jews of high priestly origin that first came into prominence by their opposition to the Pharisees, being the party in power when Pharisaism arose in protestation agains
- 384 RYMER, THOMAS, the learned editor of the "Foedera," an invaluable collection of historical doc.u.ments dealing with England's relations with foreign powers, born at Northallerton; was a Cambridge man and a barrister; turned to literature an
- 383 RUNEBERG, JOHAN LUDWIG, the national poet of Finland, born at Jacobstad; educated at, and afterwards lectured in, the university of Abo; published his first volume, "Lyric Poems," in 1830; edited a bi-weekly paper; for forty years (till his deat
- 382 ROWLANDSON, THOMAS, caricaturist, born in London; studied art in Paris; gambled and lived extravagantly; led a roving life in England and Wales; displayed great versatility and strength in his artistic work, _e.g_. in "Imitations of Modern Drawings,&
- 381 ROSSINI, GIOACCHINO, celebrated Italian composer of operatic music, born at Pesaro; his operas were numerous, of a high order, and received with unbounded applause, beginning with "Tancred," followed by "Barber of Seville," "La Ga
- 380 ROOT AND BRANCH MEN, name of a party in the Commons who in 1641 supported a pet.i.tion for the abolition of Episcopacy in England, and even carried a bill through two readings, to be finally thrown out.ROPEMAKER, THE BEAUTIFUL. See LABe, LOUISE.RORKE'
- 379 ROLAND DE LA PLATIeRE, JEAN MARIE, husband of Madame Roland, was Inspector of Manufactures at Lyons; represented Lyons in the Const.i.tuent a.s.sembly; acted with the Girondists; fled when the Girondist party fled, and on hearing of his wife's fate a
- 378 ROCKING STONES or LOGANS, large stones, numerous in Cornwall, Wales, Yorks.h.i.+re, &c., so finely poised as to rock to and fro under the slightest force.ROCKINGHAM, CHARLES WATSON WENTWORTH, MARQUIS OF, statesman, of no great ability; succeeded to the t.
- 377 ROBERT I. See BRUCE.ROBERT II., king of Scotland from 1371 to 1390, son of Walter Stewart and Marjory, only daughter of Robert the Bruce; succeeded David II., and became the founder of the Stuart dynasty; was a peaceable man, but his n.o.bles were turbule
- 376 RIO GRANDE DO SUL (645), the southmost state in Brazil, lies N. of Uruguay, fronting the Atlantic; capital, Rio Grande (18).RIO NEGRO, 1, One of the larger tributaries of the Amazon, rises as the Guainia in SE. Columbia; crosses Venezuela and Brazil in a
- 375 RICHARD II., king of England from 1377 to 1399, son of the Black Prince, born at Bordeaux; succeeded his grandfather, Edward III.; during his minority till 1389 the kingdom was administered by a council; in 1381 the Peasants' Revolt broke out, headed
- 374 RHAPSODISTS, a cla.s.s of minstrels who in early times wandered over the Greek cities reciting the poems of Homer, and through whom they became widely known, and came to be translated with such completeness to us.RHEA, in the Greek mythology a G.o.ddess,
- 373 RESTORATIONISTS, name of a sect in America holding the belief that man will finally recover his original state of purity.RESURRECTIONIST, one who stealthily exhumed bodies from the grave and sold them for anatomical purposes.RETFORD, EAST (11), market-tow
- 372 REMBRANDT or VAN REJN, a celebrated Dutch historical and portrait painter as well as etcher, born at Leyden, where he began to practise as an etcher; removed in 1630 to Amsterdam, where he spent the rest of his life and acquired a large fortune, but lost
- 371 REGNAULT, HENRI, French painter, born in Paris; son of following; a genius of great power and promise, of which several remarkable works by him are proof; volunteered in the Franco-German War, and fell at Buzenval (1843-1871).REGNAULT, HENRI VICTOR, a not
- 370 REDEMPTIONISTS, better known as TRINITARIANS (q. v.), a name bestowed on an order of monks consecrated to the work of redeeming Christian captives from slavery.REDESDALE, in Northumberland, the valley of the river Reed, which rises in the Cheviots and flo
- 369 REAL, an old Spanish silver coin still in use in Spain, Mexico, and some other of the old Spanish colonies, also is a money of account in Portugal; equals one-fourth of the _peseta_, and varies in value from 2 d. to 5d. with the rise and fall of exchange.
- 368 Ra.s.sAM, HORMUZD, a.s.syriologist, born at Mosul; a.s.sisted Layard in his explorations at Nineveh, and was subsequently, under support from Britain, engaged in further explorations both there and elsewhere; being sent on a mission to Abyssinia, was put
- 367 John's Episcopal Church, Edinburgh, in 1830, and dean of the diocese in 1840; declined a bishopric twice over; is widely known as the author of "Reminiscences of Scottish Life and Character"; was a most genial, lovable man, a great lover of
- 366 RAFF, JOACHIM, musical composer of the Wagner School, born at Lachen, in Switzerland; began life as a schoolmaster; was attracted to music; studied at Weimar; lived near Liszt, and became Director of the Conservatorium at Frankfort-on-Main; his works incl
- 365 QUINTILIAN, MARCUS FABIUS, celebrated Latin rhetorician, born in Spain; went to Rome in the train of Galba, and began to practise at the bar, but achieved his fame more as teacher in rhetoric than a pract.i.tioner at the bar, a function he discharged with