The Manual of the Botany of the Northern United States

Updated: 2024-4-18

Status: Completed

The Manual of the Botany of the Northern United States Novel Chapters

List of most recent chapters published for the The Manual of the Botany of the Northern United States novel. A total of 241 chapters have been translated and the release date of the last chapter is Apr 02, 2024

Latest Release: Chapter 1 : The Manual of the Botany of the Northern United States.by Asa Gray.PREFACE.The first edi
The Manual of the Botany of the Northern United States.by Asa Gray.PREFACE.The first edition of Gray's Manual was published in 1848. It was to a great extent rewritten and its range extended in 1856, and it was again largely rewritten in 1867. The gr

201 3. M. Mexicana, Trin. Culms ascending, much branched (2--3 high); _panicles_ lateral and terminal, often included at the base, _contracted, the branches densely spiked-cl.u.s.tered_, linear (green and purplish); lower _glumes awnless, sharp-pointed_, uneq 2024-4-23
202 10. S. airodes, Torr. Culm tufted, often stout, erect, --3 high; leaves strongly revolute and attenuate, rather rigid; panicle open and diffuse, broadly pyramidal, glabrous; spikelets solitary on slender pedicels, 1" long; lower glumes unequal, rathe 2024-4-23
203 8. C. Pickeringii, Gray. Culm 1--1 high; _leaves short; panicle pyramidal_, purplish; glumes ovate-oblong, bluntish or bluntly pointed (1--2" long); _hairs both of the flower and of the rudiment very short_ and scanty, one fourth or fifth the length 2024-4-23
204 C. DaCTYLON, Pers. Spikes 3--5; flowering glume smooth, longer than the blunt rudiment.--Penn., and southward, where it is cultivated for pasturage. (Nat. from Eu.) 43. CTeNIUM, Panzer. TOOTHACHE-GRa.s.s. (Pl. 9.) Spikelets densely imbricated in two rows 2024-4-23
205 Flowers all perfect; flowering glume bifid, short-awned between the teeth. Otherwise as Phragmites. (The Latin name of the species.) A. DNAX, L. Very tall (10--18); spikelets 3--4-flowered.--Closely resembling Phragmites communis. Cultivated for ornament, 2024-4-23
206 60. UNOLA, L. SPIKE-GRa.s.s. (Pl. 11.) Spikelets closely many-flowered, very flat and 2-edged; 3--6 of the lowest glumes empty, lanceolate, compressed-keeled; flowering glume coriaceo-membranaceous, strongly laterally compressed and keeled, striate-nerved 2024-4-23
207 Spikelets 2--4-flowered, compressed, the rhachis pilose on one side, jointed, produced above the flowers into a hairy pedicel. Empty glumes thin-membranaceous, acute, carinate, mostly nearly equalling the remote flowers; flowering glume thin and membranac 2024-4-23
208 long); spikelets drooping on capillary peduncles, closely 7--12-flowered, densely silky all over; awn only one third the length of the lance-oblong flower; flowering glume 7--9-nerved, much longer and larger than the palet.--Dry ground, N. Eng. to Penn., 2024-4-23
209 [*][*] _Glumes and palet awnless and soft in texture; reed-like perennials_.5. E. mollis, Trin. Culm (3 high) velvety at top; spike thick, erect (8' long); spikelets 2 or 3 at each joint, 5--8-flowered; the lanceolate pointed 5--7-nerved glumes (1� 2024-4-23
210 11. E. scirpodes, Michx. _Stems very numerous in a tuft, filiform_ (3--6' high), _flexuous and curving, mostly 6-grooved_, with acute ridges; _sheaths 3-toothed_, the bristle-pointed teeth more persistent; central air-cavity wanting.--Wooded hillside 2024-4-23
211 2. NOTHOLae'NA, R. Brown. CLOAK-FERN.Fruit-dots roundish or oblong, placed near the ends of the veins, soon more or less confluent into an irregular marginal band, with no proper involucre. Veins always free. Fronds of small size, 1--4-pinnate, the l 2024-4-23
212 7. A. Bradleyi, D. C. Eaton. _Fronds oblong-lanceolate_, 4--7' long, besides the blackish and somewhat s.h.i.+ning stipe, membranaceous, pinnate; pinnae rather numerous, _the lower ones no larger than the middle ones_, all short-stalked, oblong-ovate 2024-4-23
213 -- 2. POLSTICHUM. _Indusium orbicular and entire, peltate, fixed by the depressed centre; fronds rigid and coriaceous, evergreen, very chaffy on the rhachis, etc.; pinnae or pinnules auricled at base on the upper side, crowded, the teeth or lobes bristle- 2024-4-23
214 long); the fertile racemose-panicled at the summit of the frond.--Swamps and wet woods; common. The cordate pinnules sometimes found here are commoner in Europe. May, June. (Eu.) [*][*] _Sterile fronds once pinnate; pinnae deeply pinnatifid; the lobes ent 2024-4-23
215 9. L. complanatum, L. (GROUND-PINE.) Stems extensively creeping (often subterranean), the erect or _ascending branches several times forked above_; bushy _branchlets crowded, flattened_, fan-like and spreading, _all clothed with minute imbricated-appresse 2024-4-23
216 SALViNIA NaTANS, L., was said by Pursh to grow floating on the surface of small lakes in Western New York, and has more recently been said to occur in Missouri. It has oblong-oval floating leaves 4--6" long, closely pinnately-veined, which bear conce 2024-4-23
217 24. Jungermannia. Involucral leaves few, mostly larger than the entire or bidentate stem-leaves. Medium-sized or large.[++][++] Underleaves 2--4-cleft, -parted, or -divided.17. Geocalyx. Involucre fleshy, saccate, pendent. Leaves bidentate; underleaves 2- 2024-4-23
218 Sullivantiae, _Aust._)--On trees in a cedar swamp, Urbana, Ohio (_Sullivant_). (Eu.) 2. JuBULA, Dumort. (Pl. 25.) Characters nearly as in Frullania. Leaves large and flat, an axillary one at the base of each branch without a lower lobe. Calyptra turnip-sh 2024-4-23
219 Dicious. Fruit on a short branch from the axil of an underleaf.Involucral leaves much imbricate, concave, orbicular or ovate, incised at the apex; perianth ovate-subulate or fusiform, somewhat 3-keeled.Calyptra pyriform or cylindric-oblong. Capsule oblong 2024-4-23
220 4. S. irrigua, Dumort. Creeping; leaves somewhat rigid, repand, deeply lobed; lobes rounded, submucronate, the lower appressed, the upper convex with incurved apex; perianth ovate, denticulate. (S. compacta, var. irrigua, _Aust._)--Wet places, N. J., Cats 2024-4-23
221 22. HARPaNTHUS, Nees. (Pl. 23.) Leaves succubous, semi-vertical, ovate, emarginate; underleaves connate with the leaves, ovate or lanceolate, 1-toothed at base. Dicious. Fruit on short shoots from the axils of the underleaves, finally sublateral.Involucra 2024-4-23
222 26. NaRDIA, S. F. Gray. (Pl. 25) Stems laterally compressed, usually without runners. Leaves succubous, subconcave or flat, the apex rounded, rarely retuse or bidentate; underleaves none (in our species). Moncious or dicious. Involucral leaves 2--4 pairs, 2024-4-23
223 3. M. hamata, Lindb. Like the last; thallus much elongated (4' long, 1--1" wide); hairs very long, divaricate and hooked-deflexed, the marginal in twos, rarely with discoid tips; midrib covered above and below with two rows of enlarged lax cells. (M. fu 2024-4-23
224 Thallus large, forking, areolate, porose, with broad diffused midrib; gemmae in a cup-shaped receptacle. Dicious. Fertile receptacle peduncled from an apical sinus of the thallus, radiately lobed. Involucres alternate with the rays, membranous, lacerate, 2024-4-23
225 5. R. arvensis, Aust. Thallus much divided, 3--9" broad, papillose-reticulate, dull green both sides, becoming fuscous above, the flat margins at length purple; divisions sulcate, dichotomous, the linear-elliptic or subspatulate lobes acutish and obsolet 2024-4-23
226 occidentalis.Page 491.--Under Pinus add-- 10. P. pondersa, Dougl., var. scopulrum, Engelm. Leaves in twos or usually threes from long sheaths, 3--6' long, rather rigid; staminate flowers 1' long; cones subterminal, 2--3' long, oval, often 3--5 together 2024-4-23
227 _Amplexicaul._ Clasping the stem._Anastomosing._ Connecting by cross-veins and forming a network._Anatropous_ (ovule). Inverted and straight, with the micropyle next the hilum and the radicle consequently inferior._Androgynous_ (inflorescence). Composed o 2024-4-23
228 _Bifid._ Two-cleft._Bil.a.b.i.ate._ Two-lipped._Bilocellate._ Having two secondary cells._Bilocular._ Two-celled._Bis.e.xual._ Having both stamens and pistils. _Bladdery._ Thin and inflated._Blade._ The limb or expanded portion of a leaf, etc._Bract._ A m 2024-4-23
229 _Chaff._ A small thin scale or bract, becoming dry and membranous._Chaffy._ Having or resembling chaff._Channelled._ Deeply grooved longitudinally, like a gutter._Chartaceous._ Having the texture of writing-paper._Chlorophyll._ The green grains within the 2024-4-23
230 _Cotyledons._ The foliar portion or first leaves (one, two, or more) of the embryo as found in the seed._Crateriform._ In the shape of a saucer or cup, hemispherical or more shallow._Creeping._ Running along or under the ground and rooting._Crenate._ Dent 2024-4-23
231 _Divaricate._ Widely divergent._Divergent._ Inclined away from each other._Divided._ Lobed to the base._Dorsal._ Upon or relating to the back or outer surface of an organ._Drupaceous._ Resembling or of the nature of a drupe. _Drupe._ A fleshy or pulpy fru 2024-4-23
232 _Fistular._ Hollow and cylindrical._Flaccid._ Without rigidity, lax and weak._Fleshy._ Succulent; juicy; of the consistence of flesh._Flexuous._ Zigzag; bending alternately in opposite directions._Floccose._ Clothed with locks of soft hair or wool. _Folia 2024-4-23
233 _Herbaceous._ Having the characters of an herb; leaf-like in color and texture._Heterocarpous._ Producing more than one kind of fruit._Heterogamous._ Bearing two kinds of flowers._Hilum._ The scar or point of attachment of the seed._Hirsute._ p.u.b.escent 2024-4-23
234 _Laciniate._ Slashed; cut into narrow pointed lobes._Lamella._ A thin flat plate or laterally flattened ridge._Lanceolate._ Shaped like a lance-head, broadest above the base and narrowed to the apex._Lateral._ Belonging to or borne on the side._Lax._ Loos 2024-4-23
235 _Nerve._ A simple or unbranched vein or slender rib._Node._ The place upon a stem which normally bears a leaf or whorl of leaves._Nodose._ Knotty or k.n.o.bby._Nucleus._ The germ-cell of the ovule, which by fertilization becomes the seed; the kernel of a 2024-4-23
236 _Pedate._ Palmately divided or parted, with the lateral segments 2-cleft._Pedicel._ The support of a single flower._Pedicellate._ Borne on a pedicel._Peduncle._ A primary flower-stalk, supporting either a cl.u.s.ter or a solitary flower._Pedunculate._ Bor 2024-4-23
237 _Prostrate._ Lying flat upon the ground._Proterogynous._ Having the stigma ripe for the pollen before the maturity of the anthers of the same flower._Prothallus._ A cellular usually flat and thallus-like growth, resulting from the germination of a spore, 2024-4-23
238 _Runcinate._ Sharply incised, with the segments directed backward._Runner._ A filiform or very slender stolon._Saccate._ Sac-shaped._Sagittate._ Shaped like an arrow-head, the basal lobes directed downward._Salver-shaped_ (corolla). Having a slender tube 2024-4-23
239 _Squamula._ A reduced scale, as the hypogynous scales in Gra.s.ses._Squarrose._ Having spreading and projecting processes, such as the tips of involucral scales._Squarrulose._ Diminutively squarrose._Stamen._ One of the pollen-bearing or fertilizing organ 2024-4-23
240 _Thyrse._ A contracted or ovate and usually compact panicle. _Thyrsoid._ Resembling a thyrse. _Tomentose._ Densely p.u.b.escent with matted wool. _Tooth._ Any small marginal lobe. _Torose._ Cylindrical with contractions at intervals. _Torulose._ Diminutiv 2024-4-23
241 _Viscid._ Glutinous; sticky. _Whorl._ An arrangement of leaves, etc., in a circle round the stem. _Wing._ Any membranous or thin expansion bordering or surrounding an organ; the lateral petal of a papilionaceous corolla. _Woolly._ Clothed with long and to 2024-4-23